In This Article
USB4 vs Thunderbolt: Choosing the Right Connectivity Standard
In industrial computing, high-speed data transfer and connectivity are crucial for ensuring smooth operations, especially in environments that require real-time processing, high-bandwidth applications, and reliable peripheral connections. Two of the most advanced connectivity standards available today are USB4 and Thunderbolt. While both offer significant improvements over previous generations, they have key differences that affect their suitability for industrial use.
What is USB4?
USB4 is the latest evolution of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, built on Thunderbolt 3 technology. It supports data transfer speeds of up to 40 Gbps, improved power delivery, and enhanced compatibility with previous USB standards. USB4 is designed to unify multiple protocols, making it more versatile for a wide range of applications, including industrial automation and machine vision.
What is Thunderbolt?
Thunderbolt, currently in its fourth generation (Thunderbolt 4), is a high-speed connectivity standard developed by Intel. Like USB4, Thunderbolt 4 supports 40 Gbps data transfer speeds, but it also offers additional features such as lower latency, daisy-chaining of multiple devices, and stricter performance requirements. Thunderbolt is widely used in high-performance computing, industrial imaging, and data acquisition systems.
Key Differences for Industrial Applications
| Feature | USB4 | Thunderbolt 4 |
|---|---|---|
| Max Data Transfer Speed | Up to 40 Gbps | Up to 40 Gbps |
| Latency | Higher latency | Lower latency, optimized for real-time applications |
| Backward Compatibility | USB 3.2, USB 2.0, Thunderbolt 3 | Thunderbolt 3, USB4 |
| Power Delivery | Up to 100W | Up to 100W |
| Daisy-Chaining | Not officially supported | Supports up to 6 devices |
| Port Type | USB Type-C | USB Type-C |
| Certification Requirements | More flexible | Stricter performance requirements |
| Best for | General industrial computing, legacy device integration | High-performance industrial applications, machine vision, and real-time processing |
1. Data Transfer Speed and Reliability
Both USB4 and Thunderbolt 4 support up to 40 Gbps, but Thunderbolt has historically been optimized for sustained high-speed data transfers with lower latency. In industrial applications such as high-resolution machine vision, real-time monitoring, and data logging, this lower latency can be critical.
2. Compatibility and Ecosystem
USB4 is backward compatible with USB 3.2, USB 2.0, and Thunderbolt 3, making it more versatile for integrating with existing industrial hardware. Thunderbolt, on the other hand, is commonly found in high-performance systems and is designed for professional applications that require precise synchronization and reliability.
3. Power Delivery and Peripheral Support
Both standards support up to 100W power delivery, which is beneficial for powering industrial devices without additional adapters. However, Thunderbolt 4 mandates stricter requirements for power and accessory support, ensuring consistent performance across certified devices.
4. Daisy-Chaining and Expandability
Thunderbolt 4 supports daisy-chaining of up to six devices, a crucial feature in industrial environments where multiple peripherals, such as cameras, sensors, and storage devices, need to be connected in a streamlined manner. USB4 does not have a strict daisy-chaining feature but supports multi-device hubs, making it suitable for general industrial connectivity.
5. Port Type and Physical Connector
Both USB4 and Thunderbolt 4 use the USB Type-C connector, ensuring a compact and reversible design that is easy to integrate into modern industrial hardware. However, not all USB-C ports support Thunderbolt, as Thunderbolt requires additional hardware certification. Industrial users should verify device specifications to ensure compatibility when selecting equipment.
Which One is Better for Industrial Applications?
Choosing between USB4 and Thunderbolt for industrial applications depends on the specific use case:
- For machine vision, real-time data processing, and industrial automation, Thunderbolt 4’s lower latency and daisy-chaining capabilities provide a more stable and high-performance solution.
- For general industrial computing, legacy device compatibility, and cost-effective integration, USB4 is a more flexible and widely compatible choice.
Final Thoughts
Both USB4 and Thunderbolt 4 offer high-speed connectivity and power delivery suitable for industrial environments. While Thunderbolt is optimized for high-performance applications, USB4 provides a more universally compatible solution. Industrial businesses should evaluate their specific connectivity needs to determine the most suitable standard for their operations.
If you’re looking for industrial computing solutions with USB4 or Thunderbolt 4 compatibility, browse our selection of industrial computers and motherboards to find the right fit for your business.
We like to make life easier ….
BVM supply a wide and diverse range of Industrial and Embedded Systems.
From Industrial Motherboards, SBCs and Box PCs, to Rack Mount computers and Industrial Panel PCs.
However, if you can’t find a solution that meets your needs from our wide & varied portfolio of standard products, speak to one of our team members around our bespoke design and manufacturing services. We can design a solution from ‘ground up’ – from concept to design – and through to system development and eventual mass production manufacture.
You can Call us on +(0) 1489 780 144 and talk to one of the team | E-mail us at sales@bvmltd.co.uk | Use our quick contact form here
We like to make life easier ….
BVM supply a wide and diverse range of Industrial and Embedded Systems.
From Industrial Motherboards, SBCs and Box PCs, to Rack Mount computers and Industrial Panel PCs. Our support teams have worked in a variety of industrial and embedded environments and consequently provide knowledge, know-how, experience and all round good advice around all BVM’s products & services when and where you need it.
We don’t profess to know everything you need at the time – but we’ll always help in the first instance and get back to you when a little more information is required.
You can Call us on +(0) 1489 780 144 and talk to one of the team | E-mail us at sales@bvmltd.co.uk | Use our quick contact form here